Post-Processing for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
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Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Challenges in Post-Processing Materials Extruded Parts
2.1 Part Removal
2.2 Support Removal
2.3 Washing / De-Binding
2.4 Thermal Post-Processing
2.4.1 Sintering
2.4.2 Heat Treatment
2.4.3 Solution Treatment Aging (STA/Age Hardening
2.4.4 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
2.5 Machining
2.6 Surface Finishing
2.6.1 Contact Surface Finishing
2.6.2 Laser Surface Finishing
2.6.3 Electron Beam Polishing
2.6.4 Electropolishing and Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
2.6.5 Chemical Polishing
2.6.6 Chemically Accelerated Vibratory Finishing
2.6.7 Abrasive Flow Machining
Chapter Three: Cost Considerations for Post-Processing Metal AM Parts
3.1 Relative Cost Drivers by Printer Technology
3.2 Relative Cost Drivers by Process
3.2.1 Heat Treatment, HIP and Precipitation Hardening
3.2.2 Surface Finishing
3.3 Hidden Costs
3.3.1 Underestimation of Surface Finish Time
3.3.2 Inadequate Tools for Interior Finishing
3.3.3 Tolerance Issues
3.3.4 Process Knowledge
3.3.5 Skills Gap
3.4 Comprehensive Costs
Chapter Four: Post-processing OEMs and Service Providers
4.1 Post-processing Equipment OEMs
4.1.2 Thermal Treatment / HIP
4.1.3 Surface Finishing
4.1.4 Sintering and Debinding
4.2 Post-Processing Service Providers
4.3 Summary
Chapter Five: Design Considerations to Minimize and Optimize Post-Processing
5.1 Support Structures
5.2 Orientation
5.3 Internal Passages
5.4 Washing / Debinding
5.5 Thermal Processing
5.6 Surface Finishing
5.7 Machining
5.8 Software
Chapter Six: Future Trends
6.1 End-to-end Solutions and Automation
6.2 Data Optimization and Industrial IoT
6.3 Software Solutions
6.4 Standards and Regulations
About SmarTech Analysis
About the Analyst
Acronyms and Abbreviations Used In this Report
As additive manufacturing of metal parts continues to transform from prototyping to production, we’ve seen materials expand, systems improve, and automation advance. But, until recently, we haven’t seen an increased focus on post-processing. This is especially true as it pertains to post-processing for the newly emerging metal material extrusion (ME) technologies as offered by Desktop Metal (also known as Bound Metal Deposition (BMD)) and Markforged (also known as Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM)). But, with the growing demand for these systems, understanding the post-processing stage of the workflow is critical.
In this report, we look at the common post-processing steps for material extrusion parts, what they can achieve, and the challenges observed. We will discuss the relative cost considerations to keep in mind as well as costs that often go unaccounted for in the workflow. We will also discuss many of the OEMs and service providers that are active in this space. And, often forgotten, we will discuss some of the critical considerations in the design stage that can greatly influence the post-processing stage in the overall workflow. We finish with a discussion on the future trends, to include end-to-end solutions and automation, data optimization, software solutions, and the current state of standard and regulations as they pertain to post-processing in general.