Post-Processing for Binder Jet Metal Additive Manufacturing
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Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Challenges in Post-Processing Metal Parts Using Binder Jet Technologies
2.1 Powder Removal
2.2 Powder Recycling
2.3 Washing / De-binding
2.4 Thermal Post-Processing
2.4.1 Sintering
2.4.2 Infiltration and Impregnation
2.4.3 Solution Treatment Aging (STA) /Age Hardening
2.4.4 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
2.5 Machining
2.6 Surface Finishing
2.6.1 Contact Surface Finishing
2.6.1.1 Sandblasting and Shot Peening
2.6.1.2 Centrifugal Disc Finishing (CDF)
2.6.1.3 Centrifugal Barrel Finishing (CBF)
2.6.1.4 Reverse Drag Finishing (RDF)
2.6.2 Laser Surface Finishing
2.6.2.1 Benefits of Laser Surface Finishing
2.6.2.2 Limitations of Laser Surface Finishing
2.6.2.3 Laser Surface Finishing Methods
2.6.3 Electron Beam Polishing
2.6.4 Electropolishing and Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
2.6.5 Chemical Polishing
2.6.6 Chemically Accelerated Vibratory Finishing
2.6.7 Abrasive Flow Machining
Chapter Three: Cost Considerations for Post-Processing Metal AM Parts
3.1 Relative Cost Drivers by Printer Technology
3.2 Relative Cost Drivers by Process
3.2.1 Heat Treatment, HIP and Precipitation Hardening
3.2.2 Surface Finishing
3.3 Hidden Costs
3.3.1 Underestimation of Surface Finish Time
3.3.2 Inadequate Tools for Interior Finishing
3.3.3 Tolerance Issues
3.3.4 Process Knowledge
3.3.5 Skills Gap
3.3.6 Powder Recycling
3.4 Comprehensive Costs
3.5 A Comparison Across Common Alloys
Chapter Four: Post-Processing OEMs and Service Providers
4.1 Post-Processing Equipment OEMs
4.1.1 Powder Removal / Recycling
4.1.2 Thermal Treatment / HIP
4.1.3 Surface Finishing
4.1.3.1 Laser Surface Finishing
4.1.3.2 Electron Beam Polishing
4.1.3.3 Electropolishing
4.1.3.4 Electro-chemical Finishing
4.1.3.5 Combined Systems
4.1.4 Sintering and Debinding
4.2 Post-Processing Service Providers
4.3 Summary
Chapter Five: Design Considerations to Minimize and Optimize Post-Processing
5.1 Powder Removal
5.2 Green State Considerations
5.3 Internal Passages
5.4 Sintering
5.5 Surface Finishing
5.6 Machining
5.7 Software
Chapter Six: Future Trends
6.1 End-to-end Solutions and Automation
6.2 Data Optimization and Industrial IoT
6.3 Software Solutions
6.4 Standards and Regulations
About SmarTech Analysis
About the Analyst
Acronyms and Abbreviations Used In this Report
As additive manufacturing of metal parts continues to transform from prototyping to production, we’ve seen materials expand, systems improve, and automation advance. But, until recently, we haven’t seen an increased focus on post-processing, especially as it pertains to binder jet (BJ) technologies. But, with the recent resurgence of binder jet, due to its potential as a high-volume production method, understanding of the post-processing stage of the workflow is critical.
In this report, we look at the common post-processing steps for binder jet parts, what they can achieve, and the challenges observed. We will discuss the relative cost considerations to keep in mind as well as costs that often go unaccounted for in the workflow. We will also discuss many of the OEMs and service providers that are active in this space. And, often forgotten, we will discuss some of the critical considerations in the design stage that can greatly influence the post-processing stage in the overall workflow. We finish with a discussion on the future trends, to include end-to-end solutions and automation, data optimization, software solutions, and the current state of standards and regulations as they pertain to post-processing in general.